Flex410R is the highest speed and most flexible digital research correlator. It
is truly a all in one correlator that does all you need to do.
Seven modes of operations.
- One auto or cross correlation function, multiple tau channels layout.
- Dual correlation functions. (two auto, one auto one cross, or two cross correlation
functions), multiple tau channel layout
- Quad auto correlation functions, multiple tau channel layout.
- 8 bits, single sample time, 128K data series.
- 8 bits, single sample time, 256K data series.
- 16 bits, single sample time, 128K data series.
- 32 bits, single sample time, 256K data series.
Mode 1: Single correlation, multiple tau.
Specifications:
- Auto/cross correlations.
- 9.97 ns minimum sample in single correlation mode
- 288 real time channels in single correlation mode.
- Delay time range: 9.97ns to 1 hour in multiple tau channel layout.
- Input signal: standard TTL pulses.
- Two BNC connectors
- Easy to use FlexWindows software and software for Windows NT 4.0 and Windows95/98
libraries included.
Multiple tau channel layout ( sample time denoted at T, data width W):
- First 16 channels: T = 9.97ns, W = 1 bits, delay times T to 16*T;
- Second 8 channels: T = 2*9.97ns, W = 2 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T
- Third 8 channels: T = 4*9.97ns, W = 3 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Fourth 8 channels: T = 8*9.97ns, W = 4 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Sample time doubles every 8 channels and data width increment 1 bit to prevent overflow.
- The longest delay time is about one hour.
Intensity limits:
Flex400R is designed with sufficient hardware resource to prevent overflow at any
reasonable intensities. However, in extreme situations, clipping and overflow could
happen.
The intensity in single mode limits are following:
- Maximum intensity integrated over 9.97 ns: 100 MHz. Clipping will occur if the
input intensity exceeds the maximum.
- Maximum intensity integrated over 100 ms: 28.28MHz. Overflow will happen if the
maximum is exceeded.
Mode 2: Dual correlation, multiple tau.
Flex410R in dual correlation mode specifications:
- Two auto, one auto one cross, or two cross correlation functions simultaneously.
- 100ns Minimum sample time.
- 2x272 real time channels.
- Delay time range: 100 ns to 1 hour in multiple tau channel layout.
Multiple tau channel layout ( sample time denoted at T, data width W) dual mode:
- First 16 channels: T = 100ns, W = 3 bits, delay times T to 16*T;
- Second 8 channels: T = 2*100ns, W = 4 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T
- Third 8 channels: T = 4*100ns, W = 5 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Fourth 8 channels: T = 8*100ns, W = 6 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Sample time doubles every 8 channels and data width increment 1 bit to prevent overflow.
- The longest delay time is about one hour.
Intensity limits:
The intensity in dual mode limits are following:
- Maximum intensity integrated over 100 ns: 70 MHz. Clipping will occur if the input
intensity exceeds the maximum.
- Maximum intensity integrated over 200ms: 20 MHz. Overflow will happen if the
maximum is exceeded.
Mode 3: Quad auto correlation, multiple tau.
Flex410R in Quad auto correlation mode specifications:
- Four auto correlation functions simultaneously.
- 800ns Minimum sample time.
- 4x256 minimum sample time.
- Delay time range: 800 ns to 1 hour in multiple tau channel layout.
Multiple tau channel layout ( sample time denoted at T, data width W) Quad mode:
- First 16 channels: T = 800ns, W = 3 bits, delay times T to 16*T;
- Second 8 channels: T = 2*800ns, W = 4 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T
- Third 8 channels: T = 4*800ns, W = 5 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Fourth 8 channels: T = 8*800ns, W = 6 bits, delay times 9*T to 16*T;
- Sample time doubles every 8 channels and data width increment 1 bit to prevent overflow.
- The longest delay time is about one hour.
Intensity limits:
The intensity in Quad mode limits are following:
- Maximum intensity integrated over 800 ns: 8.75 MHz. Clipping will occur if the
input intensity exceeds the maximum.
Mode 4: 8 bits Single sample time, 128K data series.
Specifications:
- Auto/cross correlation function with one sample time.
- Sample time (S) range: 0.4us to 100us in increment of 25ns.
- Input data stream storage length: 128K (1K = 1024).
- Input data width: 8 bits.
- Number of channels (N): from 32 to 512 in increment of 4.
- Efficiency: (S*40-1)*2/N or 100% if (S*40-1)*2 > N, where S is in us;
- Each channel delay time can be n*S where n is any integer between 0 to
128K.
Intensity limits:
The limit is determined by the fact that the data width is 8 bits. Within a
sample time, the number of counts must stay below 255 or clipping will occur. If
your intensity is very high and sample time is very long, you should consider using the 16
bits mode.
Mode 5: 8 bits Single sample time, 256K data series.
Specifications:
- Auto/cross correlation function with one sample time.
- Sample time (S) range: 0.4us to 100us in increment of 25ns.
- Input data stream storage length: 256K (1K = 1024).
- Input data width: 8 bits.
- Number of channels (N): from 32 to 512 in increment of 4.
- Efficiency: (S*40-2)*2/N or 100% if (S*40-2)*2 > N, where S is in us;
- Each of the first half of the channels delay time can be n*S where n
is any integer between 0 to 128K.
- Each of the second half of the channels delay time can be m*S where m
is any integer between 128K to 256K.
Intensity limits:
The limit is determined by the fact that the data width is 8 bits. Within a
sample time, the number of counts must stay below 255 or clipping will occur. If
your intensity is very high and sample time is very long, you should consider using the 16
bits mode.
Mode 6: 16 bits Single sample time, 128K data series.
Specifications:
- Auto/cross correlation function with one sample time.
- Sample time (S) range: 14 us to 5 ms in increment of 25ns.
- Input data stream storage length: 128K (1K = 1024).
- Input data width: 16 bits.
- Number of channels (N): 512.
- Efficiency: 100%;
- Each of the even indexed channel's delay time can be n*S where n is
any integer between 0 to 128K.
- Each of the odd channel's delay time is (n+1)*S where nS is
corresponding even channel's delay time.
Intensity limits:
The limit is determined by the fact that the data width is 16 bits. Within a
sample time, the number of counts must stay below 65355 or clipping will occur. If
your intensity is so high and sample time is very long, you should consider using the 32
bits mode.
Mode 7: 32 bits Single sample time, 128K data series.
Specifications:
- Auto/cross correlation function with one sample time.
- Sample time (S) range: 1 ms to 107 s in increment of 25ns.
- Input data stream storage length: 256K (1K = 1024).
- Input data width: 32 bits.
- Number of channels (N): 512.
- Efficiency: 100%;
- Each of the channel's delay time can be n*S where n is any integer
between 0 to 256K.
Intensity limits:
The limit is determined by the fact that the data width is 32 bits, which means that it
has, essentially, no limit.
More about multiple tau theory.
Multiple tau theory was invented by Klaus Schätzel. The following papers discuss
the theory and the advantage of the multiple tau scheme.
- Klaus Schätzel. Single Photon Correlation Techniques. Dynamic Light
Scattering: The method and some applications, Edit by Wyn Brown, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
P 76, 1993.
- Klaus Schätzel et. Noise on Multiple-Tau Photon Correlation Data.
SPIE Vol. 1430, P109, Photon Correlation Spectroscopy: Multicomponent Systems,
1991.
- Klaus Schätzel. New Concept in Correlator Design. Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No.
77, P175, 1985.
- Klaus Schätzel et. Photon Correlation Measurements at Large Lag
Times. Journal of Modern Optics, Vol. 35, No. 4, P711, 1988.
